Glossary

Fraud and abuse, defined

Plain-English definitions of the fraud and abuse types we see across checkout, returns, claims and the web, with a real-world example of each.

Concept

Agentic commerce

Agentic commerce

AI agents shopping, returning and filing claims on behalf of people.

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Opportunistic abuse

BOGO abuse

BOGO abuse

Returning the full-price item from a buy-one-get-one or buy-more-save-more deal and keeping the discounted one.

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Opportunistic abuse

Bracketing

Bracketing

Ordering several sizes or colors of an item, planning to keep one and return the rest.

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Fraud

Bricking

Bricking

Stripping valuable parts from an electronic device and returning it as defective.

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Concept

Chargeback

Chargeback

A payment reversed by the card issuer after the cardholder disputes a charge.

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Fraud

Counterfeit returns

Counterfeit returns

Keeping the genuine product and returning a convincing fake in its place.

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Fraud

Empty boxing

Empty boxing

Returning an empty box, or one filled with worthless material, and claiming the refund.

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Opportunistic abuse

Free shipping abuse

Free shipping abuse

Adding items to reach a free shipping threshold, then returning them.

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Fraud

Friendly fraud

Friendly fraud

Disputing a legitimate purchase with the card issuer to get money back while keeping the goods.

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Fraud

FTID (label fraud)

FTID (label fraud)

Manipulating a shipping label so tracking shows a return was delivered, while the item never comes back.

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Opportunistic abuse

Guarantee abuse

Guarantee abuse

Repeatedly using satisfaction or performance guarantees to cycle through products without paying for them.

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Fraud

Item not received (INR) claims

Item not received (INR) claims

Falsely claiming a delivered order never arrived, or that the purchase wasn't authorized.

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Fraud

Lookalike domains

Lookalike domains

Websites built to impersonate a brand, using a similar domain name and copied products.

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Fraud

Marketplace counterfeits

Marketplace counterfeits

Listings on third-party marketplaces that sell fakes or misuse a brand's name and images.

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Opportunistic abuse

Promo abuse

Promo abuse

Claiming new-customer or one-time discounts again and again with fresh emails or accounts.

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Opportunistic abuse

Reseller abuse

Reseller abuse

Buying limited or high-demand items to resell, and returning whatever doesn't sell.

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Fraud

Reseller rings

Reseller rings

Coordinated groups using many linked accounts to buy limited stock in bulk for resale.

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Opportunistic abuse

Serial returning

Serial returning

Returning most of what you buy, over and over, often with vague complaints or policy loopholes.

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Fraud

SKU swapping

SKU swapping

Returning a cheaper or older version of a product in the original packaging.

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Fraud

Stolen tender returns

Stolen tender returns

Buying with a stolen card, then returning the goods for store credit or a gift card.

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Opportunistic abuse

Wardrobing

Wardrobing

Buying an item, using it briefly, and returning it as unused for a full refund.

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Concept

Warehouse disposition data

Warehouse disposition data

What the warehouse records about a returned item's condition and what happens to it next.

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